Looking For College Essay Samples?

Looking For College Essay Samples?If you are looking for good college essay samples for college essays, then you need to be looking around for something better than this. The last thing you want is to pay for a lesson or try something out and end up frustrated. You don't want to get caught up in the amount of time you have to spend studying for a test.However, if you are just looking for the right college essay samples, then you may have an easier time finding them. This doesn't mean that you won't find them. In fact, you will probably be able to find a good sample fairly easily. For example, you may notice that many of the essay samples you see at the college books are given on CD.Many colleges these days have CDs available for their students. If you go to your local college bookstore, then you may be able to find a CD that has lots of essay samples. This is a great way to get a sample of the types of essays you can expect to write.When you look at the different college syllabi, the n you may notice that many of the examples there are given in a format that will help you understand how to write a good essay. This is usually in the form of a letter or a paragraph. It is very helpful to be able to write something like this for college essays.It can also be useful to get a few college essay samples on your computer or your iPod. If you go to a local bookstore, then you may even be able to find some online. However, it is a much better idea to get some of these samples while you are still in school.These college essay samples can show you how to write about a topic that may interest you. They may also be able to give you tips about what to write in order to make the essay more interesting. You may even be able to look at some examples that show you how to use wordings to make the information you are giving more eye-catching.These college essay samples are also great in showing you what not to do when writing an essay. For example, one of the things that you will le arn here is that it is better to use the 'I' words as much as possible. You will also learn that you should be careful not to use too many adjectives as well.Using all of these things will help you greatly when you are writing a paper for school. You may want to write something about any of these things. The key is to take advantage of all of these tools. Use them properly and you will find that you are able to write a very good essay that gets you into the college of your choice.

How Not Deal With An Identity Crisis - 1054 Words

How Not To Deal With an Identity Crisis Identity is a common trope in most literature. One reason this maybe is because it is a very relatable topic, as many people also struggle with their identity. Having an identity crisis to mean many different things. It can mean struggling with inner demons, being what other people expect and not who one is, or trying to find out where one belongs in the world. Everyone can say that they felt like this at one time or another in their lives. Sometimes struggling with identity can cause rash decisions with negative outcomeS. Many people struggle with identity and deal with it in different ways including the characters in these books. I m times people do with identity in the wrong way and try to separate themselves into different embodiments of themselves. Typically, there is a nice and respectable side that many people are fond of, and there is also a dark and twisted side that most people don t see. This is the case with Dr. Jekyll. Dr. Jekyll felt that he needed to take a potion to transform himself into something else so that he could act on his urges that would otherwise make him feel guilty make others think less of him. Jekyll actually liked being Hyde. â€Å"When I would come back from these excursions, I was often plunged into a kind of wonder at my vicarious depravity. This familiar that I called out of my own soul, and sent forth alone to do his good pleasure, was a being inherently malign and villainous; his every act andShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Stone, Patton, And Sheila1613 Words   |  7 Pages Feelings, and Identity Conversations. The Flint Water Crisis is an example of a difficult conversat ion, a conflict with several difficult conversations happening all at once: conversations between Flint s residents and government officials, between different government agencies, and among residents organizing resistance and advocacy. Each conversation contains all the three conversations described by Stone et al. The What Happened Conversation is based on perception and deals with three assumptions:Read MoreDevelopmental Stages And Theories Of Development861 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiencing growth and hormonal changes and dealing with acne and obesity. Psychological Erik Erikson, in seeking to understand and describe human development, developed a theory in the early 1900s. His theory progressed to assume that humans must deal with or cope with the conflicts of a certain stage of life before they can move on to a higher level of development (Ashford et al, 2013). He organized eight different stages of psychosocial development from infancy to old age. Each of the eightRead MoreEriksons Psychological Theory of Identity1181 Words   |  5 PagesEriksons psychological theory of identity is based on a psychosocial model, taking into account the social environment including peers and family group. According to Erikson, individuals form a core identity in part via membership in a community. Erikson understood that psychosocial development was a process, involving a series of stages. Progress through these stages usually entails a normative conflict or crisis that pits individual needs with social norms or demands. Erikson identified eightRead MoreThe Influence Of Shimin On Hong Kong1678 Words   |  7 Pagessequentially as a person ages. It is crucial for healthy development of the ego and avoidance of neurosis that each of these stages are resolved in a favorable manner. During these stages a crisis, or turning point, occurs during which a person has the choice in two way of responding. If the response to the crisis if favorable and adaptive a virtue, or basic strength, is acquired. If the response is maladaptive, the basic strength is not acquired, and the following stages in the sequence will be impactedRead More The Crisis of the American Teen Essay656 Words   |  3 PagesThe Crisis of the American Teen Premature adulthood is imposed upon teenagers in today’s society. It affects them in two different but closely related ways. One is in which a teenagers needs to find a sense of self and needs protection on trying to do so. The other is the stress that is being forced upon them. Teenagers need to be given time , support and guidance to form from child to adult, but that must come from the parents. Many parents either feel powerless to give a child what theyRead MoreThe Theme Of Identity And Identity Crisis In Alices Adventures In Wonderland1138 Words   |  5 Pagesand the identity crisis that maturing may trigger. The adventures that Alice undergoes throughout her time in Wonderland may be taken as a metaphor for the experience of growing up, in regards to both the physical and mental aspects of it, and coming to understand the adult world. The concepts of identity and identity crisis as we know them now in contemporary thought were mainly derived from the works of famous psychologist Erik Erikson. According to Erikson’s theories, identity â€Å"deals with a processRead More effects of interracial relationship on children Essay624 Words   |  3 Pagesinterracial children is an identity crisis. However, Tiger Woods and other famous children of interracial marriages have helped to set the way for interracial children and eased some tensions they may have been facing. But children need to know who exactly who they are and how special they are because of that. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Parents say that it is essential that a child have a positive idea of identity for the childs successRead MoreAdolescence Is A Transitional Period Of Physical And Psychological Development1313 Words   |  6 Pagesadulthood. It is the time that is marked by several vital exploratory developmental experiences including, identity formation, development and growth. During this period adolescents are in the process of furthering social relationships, of finding their place in society, and of making important choices for their future lives. While it’s a time for tremendous growth and potential, on the path of identity, the individual encounter many challenges such as struggling with the idea of self-concept or/and self-esteemRead MoreTeen Suicide1415 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopmental process of teenagers. Cognitive and identity development and seeking autonomy are all instinctive aspects of being a teenager, but when a teen sees no way out of their problems or negative emotions and when depression seeps in, important and life saving measures can and should be made. Introduction: Transitioning into teenage years brings about cognitive, biological, and behavioral changes including formal operational thinking, identity formation, and autonomy. All of these changesRead MoreAn Analysis of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye1223 Words   |  5 Pagesgoes on dates, spends a great deal of time in the park, and really does not do a great deal else. Holden is a very hard person to figure out and analyze. Throughout the whole book, Holden constantly changes his mind about things and has various conflicting thoughts. The experiences that Holden goes through illustrate the divide between adults and teenagers. There are many specific adolescent problems that Holden faces throughout the story. There’s the identity crisis that teens face when they are

Disparities in Transgender Population - 2131 Words

At Issue: Defining Transgender In today’s evermore politically correct society, the term transgender is loaded with various meanings and implications. The inability for a consensus to form as to universal meaning stems from various interest groups laying claim to the significance of the term. For instance, the term ‘transgender’ is often interchanged with ‘transsexual’ or ‘transvestite.’ The two conditions are wholly different separate from transgender. For the purposes of this paper, Andrew Solomon’s definition will suffice: â€Å"The term transgender is an encompassing term that includes anyone whose behavior departs significantly from the norms of the gender suggested by his or her anatomy at birth. The term transsexual usually refers†¦show more content†¦With the dawning of the twentieth century, progressive understanding of functions of the human brain, genetics, and how environment influences behavior helped to demystify early archaic theori es about human sexuality. Magnus Hirchsfeld, an early twentieth century physician and sex researcher, was one of the first medical professionals to offer an etiology for the concept of transgender that did not include moral bias. According to Stryker (2008) Hirschfeld coined the term, â€Å"’sexual intermediaries,’ the idea that every human being represented a unique combination of sex characteristics, secondary sex-linked traits, erotic preferences, psychological inclinations, and culturally acquired habits and practices† (pg. 39). Continuing his advocacy, Hirschfeld founded a committee called the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, which devoted itself to socially advocating on behalf sexual minorities, including transgender people (Stryker, 2008). Finally, in 1910, Hirschfeld published the first full-length book which tackled the issue of transgender, entitled The Transvestites (Hirschfeld, 1910). Hirschfeld has written previous books on homosexuality and other sexuality topics, however, The Transvestites is widely considered a seminal work as it clinically discusses the dissociation that transgender people feel to their pre-transition physical bodies (Hirschfeld, 1910). The general population routinely ignored activists like Hirschfeld and their ideas andShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On The Lgbt Community965 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a despaired population? What does despaired mean? A despaired population is a group of people that reside in a specific region in the world or have a specific label to them that makes them less equal than other population groups across the nation. Disparity is defined as a lack of similarity or inequality (Disparity, 2015). Therefore, when relating this idea to the healthcare system, many despaired populations have several health disparities as well, meaning they are at a disadvantage whenRead MoreMake America Sick Again Case Study1104 Words   |  5 PagesMake America Sick Again: Turning Back the Clock on the ACA and Other Policies The Trump administration has proposed several regressive policies that would widen the health disparities of sexual and racial minorities, and other vulnerable populations who depend on Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The current platform of the Republican Party and, in particular, President Trump has been centered on repealing and replacing the ACA. Congress is currently trying to repeal the ACA without a viableRead MoreGay, Bisexual, And Transgender Aging : A Comprehensive And Analytical Sociological Perspective On Lgbt Aging849 Words   |  4 Pagesinvestigates four published articles that report on results from research conducted on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender aging (LGBT) and the psychosocial consequences they experience resulting from disparities. The articles, however, differ in that the research takes a one-dimensional approach to an unambiguous issue. Therefore, this paper will focus on the article titled Helping Gay and Transgender People as they Ag e (McDaniels, 2015) given it offers an interdisciplinary perspective on LGBT aging. NotablyRead MoreLgbt Health Issues And The Lgbt1263 Words   |  6 PagesThe lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) population has recently become a national health care priority. There are specific health care disparities and barriers to quality health care that significantly affect the LGBT population. A change in medical education curriculum is essential to combat these issues. Health care providers feel undereducated and ill prepared to treat the LGBT population. Research findings indicate there is a significant deficiency in medical education regarding specificRead MoreCancer Survivors1298 Words   |  6 PagesAct, as well as increased access to related services and transportation would reduce the divide between minorities and whites in regards to cancer treatment. This source is beneficial to my research argument because it explains the reasons for disparities between different race s and ethnicities in access and use of cancer treatments. It helps to shape my argument because it explains that some of the reasons for these differences are lack of access to transportation and funds, as well as lack ofRead MoreLgbt Training Programs For Healthcare1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, are a vulnerable population with specific healthcare needs. Throughout their lives they have encountered maltreatment, discrimination and have significant health disparities because of their sexual orientation. Many have been isolated or alienated from their families and do not have any children to care for them. Now this vulnerable population must succumb to care from clinics, hospitals, and long term facilities that may not beRead MoreAlex Wen. Ms. Mendola. Ap Language And Composition. 9 January1171 Words   |  5 Pages2017 The Battle of Transgender Equality Everyone is given a gender the moment they are born. At birth they are either one of two genders: masculine or feminine. This gender everyone is assigned affects many of our day to day actions and our looks. However some people may evolve differently as they grow up and may not fit the rigid boundaries set for the sex they were assigned at birth. In recent years there has been a boom in a third considered gender: the transgender population. However with theRead MoreThe Four Foundation Health Measures That Serve As An Indicator Of Progress Towards Achieving The Goals Of Hp1743 Words   |  7 Pagestowards achieving the goals of HP? (4 points) The four foundation health measures that serve as an indicator of progress towards achieving these goals: †¢ General Health Status †¢ Health-Related Quality of Life and well-being †¢ Determinants of health †¢ Disparities 2. Look under the 2020 Topics and Objectives tab and click on Social Determinants of Health. List the five key areas of the social determinants of health (this is not the same as the Determinants of Health from question 1) and give one exampleRead MoreGender Is A Complex And Controversial Phenomenon1415 Words   |  6 Pagesand â€Å"maleness†. Others, however, have a more difficult time. The term â€Å"transgender† refers to particular individuals whose gender identification does not align with what society would rather regard them as, and are based on the conventional norms and standards of what it means to be â€Å"female/woman† or â€Å"male/man†. There is a distinctive experience for individuals casted as â€Å"trans†. As a group within the United States, transgender people face discrimination, violence, high rates of poverty rates, highRead MoreThe Medical And Social Inequalities Essay2141 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout history, it is evi dent that inequalities and disparities are part of health systems and society. Even after all the success of activism, such as the work from the human rights movement and campaign, inequalities and disparities are still evident today. Especially within minority groups, such as LGBTQ* (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) individuals – this is not to say that LGBTQ are the only categories when it comes to sexual orientation and gender identities, thus it is

Men And Women Experience Many Types Of Discrimination...

Men and women experience many types of discrimination throughout the workplace, women experience it more than men do. I will be discussing how gender can dictate the way people view you in the workplace. Women are seen as more sensitive and emotional when making decisions, while men are seen as more focused and competitive when making decisions. Gender discrimination affects the workplace by creating tension and conflicts throughout the workplace, there’s a big wage gap between men and women and women don’t get the same opportunity as men. Throughout America there has been many laws put in for gender discrimination and rights to protect women such as the Pregnancy Discrimination Act and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Pregnancy†¦show more content†¦Conflicts and be created in the workplace between employees and other workers if they are experiencing unfair treatment. Job satisfaction is key in being successful in the workplace; a 2005 Gallup poll sho wed that when employees felt as if they were being discriminated, job satisfaction is at its lowest (What). When employees feel discriminated tension between other workers will be greater, which can cause arguments or fights because they don’t agree with the decisions being made. For example is a male has worked less than a female but gets promoted over her, this would make the female very upset and question how they do things around there (Writer). A business could notice a decrease in production too, workers will less likely want to work together as a team and get things done, if they sense unfair treatment in the workplace. Certain tasks will not be done to the best of its ability because they don’t feel as a unit. Focus will be lost and they will feel as if they are wasting their time. This can cause employee turnover to increase. Employees receiving unfair treatment could possibly develop bad habits and could also bring bad vibes and attitudes to the company every day. This can also lead to social and emotional problems. The worker could feel unworthy or blame their selves for the way they are Bowens 3 beingShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Research Paper1520 Words   |  7 PagesReport Kevin Clerkley Discrimination Thesis Statement: Throughout the United States, there are millions of Americans who are struggling against direct and indirect discrimination. Discrimination is the making of a difference in treatment or favor on a basis other than individual merit (Merriam Webster Dictionary). Our world has always been faced with the problem of discrimination. It is one of the most discussed topics nowadays and throughout history. In all countries thereRead MoreA Brief Note On Race, And Gender Discrimination1195 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review Discrimination will be the main focus on the research for this paper. The two types of discrimination which I will be focusing on is race, and gender. Gender discrimination is very high in the workforce. I will be primarily focusing on gender discrimination against women in the workforce. Women had to fight for the right to vote. Although they have the right to work they have many hardships in the workforce. Gender discrimination happens in various different occasions, and isRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Inequality1262 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, there has always been the role of both the male and the female in society. As time passed and civilization progressed, the question of the role of the women has also changed. Men and women in society have had many differences, which included things such as gender roles, gender inequality, inequality in the workforce, and sex discrimination. Also, the questions of what it takes to be a man or to be a woman is very important. For many different cultures, gender differences are extremelyRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1261 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, humans have always been expected to act a certain way depending on their sex. These societal expectations are called gender roles. (Rathus, 2010, p.447). These roles begin to develop even before a child is even out of the womb. A mother may decorate their nursery pink if they are having a daughter because â€Å"girls like pink,† and â€Å"boys like blue.† Gender roles should not be confused with gender stereotypes. A gender stereotype is a narrow way of thinking about how men and womanRead MoreAmerican Multiculturalism : How Discrimination1432 Words   |  6 Pages American Multiculturalism: How discrimination in the workforce is dispelling a famous myth in America The United States of America has been categorized by many individuals as the â€Å"melting pot.† The nation has acquired this name because is a country that is made up of an extensive variety of people from different cultures. Every single individual whose living in the United States is different in some way or another depending on their culture. This term is primarily used to describe a wide culturalRead MoreClass, Culture, And Gender856 Words   |  4 Pagesintersectionality was first coined by Kimberle Crenshaw, being a woman of color she argued that black women have to deal with two types of discrimination, racism and sexism. A combination of two types of discrimination, when studying an individual it hard not to intersect them with different types of discrimination. Crenshaw and other women of color would not have to deal with double discrimination if white women were not discriminated and if black people were not discriminated as well. Privilege then comesRead MoreDisc rimination And Sexual Harassment And Affirmative Action1594 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination and Sexual Harassment Most companies engage in some type of affirmative action policy. Affirmative actions are policies that are placed to engage in the improvement of underprivileged groups who either currently suffer or have historically suffered from discrimination and equality of opportunity. During our lecture, Dr. Kallfelz stated that affirmative action is a, â€Å"Proactive policy with primary immediate attempt to reform (and long term attempt to prevent and deter) socioeconomicallyRead MoreEssay on Lack of Economic Equality in Society1326 Words   |  6 Pagesoppression thrives within the heart of all societies. Poverty is recognized in many forms: hunger, homelessness, being ill without the ability to seek medical attention. Poverty also includes powerlessness, lack of freedom, spurred on by lack of representation. During economic change, whether gradual or suddenly, the fallout has an effect on all people. Social inequality is deeply and tightly woven throughout the world, defined by race, ethnicity, gender, or age differences. TheseRead MoreGender Equality And Women s Rights1274 Words   |  6 Pages Women in the world still face discrimination and gender equality takes action to achieve women’s rights. AAUW provides and gives women the chance to have an education, while Catalyst reaches out to women to carry out equal pay, equal participation in the workplace, and remove discrimination. UN Women attains to human rights for women. Throughout history women have fought for gender equality in the workplace and in education, and every year organizations like AAUW, Catalyst, and UN Women haveRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Rough Draft (Paper 1) Throughout history discrimination has always been present anything that makes an individual different from another individual. Discirimination happens all the time which is tragic.During the 1960’s EEOC was created following the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a civil rights legislation. The Civil Rights Act outlawed discrimination and enforced that everyone was getting paid the same amount. Although , discrimination was still there but the law

1984 Success Essay Example For Students

1984 Success Essay Success is the main object of desire for many people in the world of today. In George Orwells 1984, the author provides a speculative view to the future and brilliantly describes what would happen if ultimate success was attainable. George Orwell describes success in three extremes: those who succeed ultimately, those who fail miserably, and those who are neither capable of succeeding nor failing. In 1984, the success of the individual is forbidden, while the success of the Inner Party is ultimate. The Inner Party resembled a group of aristocrats. They ruled the country and all the people in it. They made up a figurehead for themselves, Big Brother, who was almost like a god. Everyone worshiped him because they made it look like he was the one who did everything that was good. The members of the Inner Party had complete and undoubted success because they achieved and maintained their goal, which was to become the most powerful people in the country and stay that way. They did many things to achieve this, including creating an imaginary evil force, known as the Brotherhood, which planned to overthrow them. They used this Brotherhood; to blame all the bad things on and make Big Brother (and through him, themselves) look good by fighting against this evil force;. The Inner Party was not happy with only physical obedience, they wanted complete obedience, including the human mind. They didnt want people to think for themselves, because then they might plot to overthrow the Inner Par ty. They controlled the general populations minds by involving them in many verbal demonstrations, such as hate week, which downplayed the Brotherhood and made Big Brother look good. They also had telescreens in every building that allowed them to spy on the people and make sure that they didnt do anything that might be harmful to their control. When they found someone who was a traitor, and wanted to disobey or overthrow Big Brother, they didnt just punish them, they converted them:We are not content with negative obedience, nor even with the most abject submission. When finally you surrender to us, it must be of your own free will. We do not destroy the heretic because he resists us: so long as he resists us we never destroy him. We convert him, we capture his inner mind, we reshape him. We burn all evil and all illusion out of him; we bring him over to our side, not in appearance, but genuinely, heart and soul. We make him one of ourselves before we kill him. From this quote we see that they ensured their own complete success. They didnt just persecute or punish their enemies, they turned them into supporters of their own cause. The success of the general population, when compared to the Inner Party, was the opposite. They could not think for themselves. All they could do is what the Inner Party wanted them to. They were watched constantly and converted then killed; if they tried to go against the Inner Party. Their own personal success was forbidden. The degree of their mind control was so great that they didnt even know what happened a few days ago. The Inner Party would alter history so that they were never wrong:It appeared that there had even been demonstrations to thank Big Brother for raising the chocolate ration to twenty grammes a week. And only yesterday, he reflected, it had been announced that the ration was to be reduced to twenty grammes a week. The example is clear: no one ever questioned what the Inner Party (through Big Brother) said. It was impossible for them to think on their own and have dreams or wishes; therefore, they were not capable of succeeding or failing. .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 , .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 .postImageUrl , .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 , .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186:hover , .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186:visited , .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186:active { border:0!important; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186:active , .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186 .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb7f777c569e5b5b2f0fa535d2400186:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Deregul;Ation Of The Electrical Industry EssayWinston was different from the rest of the general population. He still had control of his own mind. He hated Big Brother and the Inner Party. He wanted to help the revolution so he joined the Brotherhood. He knew it would only be a matter of time before someone found out that he was against the party. He knew that he would be converted; and then killed. In the end, he found out that he had been tricked, and the people that he had trusted were really spies for Inner Party (also known as Thought Police). He was taken to the Ministry of Love, where he was tortured and brain washed to the point where he really did believe in Big B rother. He had failed. His dreams of escaping the rule of the party were impossible now. He had been converted, just like everyone else, and was no longer capable of thinking on his own. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother.;The Inner Party worked hard to ensure that they had ultimate success while controlling everyone else to the point where they were not capable of succeeding or failing. George Orwell wrote 1984 as a prediction of the future. As such, we should take it as a warning. With all the advertising on the radio, TV, billboards, etc., we are essentially being brainwashed. We must fight to keep our rights and limit what the advertisers can do to us, especially children, who are more likely to believe everything that they see or hear. The next time that you see a TV commercial that is too forceful or deceptive, will you do something about it?

Microwaves Essays - Microwave Oven, Ovens, Cooking Appliances

Microwaves WARNING ! ! ! ****** BE CAREFUL Microwaving Water To Heat it Up!!! ****** Please be aware of the following information if you or someone you know, is a person that uses a microwave oven to heat water. About five days ago a 26-year old man decided to have a cup of instant coffee. He took a cup of water and put it in the microwave to heat it up (something that he had done numerous times before). I am not sure how long he set the timer for but he said he wanted to bring the water to a boil. When the timer shut the oven off, he removed the cup from the oven. As he looked into the cup he noted that the water was not boiling but instantly the water in the cup blew up into his face. The cup remained intact until he threw it out of his hand, but all the water had flown out into his face due to the buildup of energy. His whole face is blistered and he has 1st and 2nd degree burns to his face, which may leave scarring. He also may have lost partial sight in his left eye. While at the hospital, the doctor who was attending to him stated that this a fairly common occurrence and water (alone) should never be heated in a microwave oven. If water is heated in this manner, something should be placed in the cup to diffuse the energy, such as a wooden stir stick, tea bag (without the metal staple), etc. It is, however, a much safer choice to boil the water in a teakettle. Please pass this information on to friends and family. Take care, all!

Ethical Leadership its Variations

Ethical Leadership its Variations Abstract Researchers have concentrated efforts to uncovering aspects and conceptions of ethical leadership models that could be used in contemporary organizations to not only ensure leadership effectiveness, but also enhance follower development and realization of organizational goals.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical Leadership its Variations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this light, the present analysis contributes to our understanding of one such leadership model known as ethical leadership and its variations, which include servant, spiritual and authentic leadership. The careful and exhaustive comparisons done between these leadership theories and other conventional leadership models such as transformational and charismatic leadership give credence to the fact that leader emphasis on ethical dimensions of leadership generates beneficial personal and organizational outcomes. It has also been demonstrated that value-based leadership projected in servant, spiritual and authentic leadership is predicated on shared, robustly internalized values that are promoted and acted upon by the leader, but which goes a long way to ensure leadership effectiveness, positive organizational outcomes in terms of competencies development and productivity, and follower development. Research into the servant, spiritual and authentic leadership models have demonstrated some shared, common features as well as broad differences. Although these theories may represent a paradigm shift of leadership approaches into the future, more systematic and quantitative research is needed to harmonize the varying conceptions and other grey areas of the theories discussed comprehensively in this paper. Indeed, it has been noted that the popular appeal of these evolving leadership approaches is yet to translate into credible academic respectability. Introduction Despite sustained attention by scholars and prac titioners to the wide discipline of leadership, discussions of ethical leadership in public, private and even nonprofit organizations still remains largely anecdotal and highly normative. However, as noted by Rubin, Doedorff Brown (2010), this is not to imply that the study of ethical leadership has been disregarded in its entirety.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To the contrary, scholars, driven by ethics scandals and subsequent demise of companies like Enron, World-Com, Lehman Brothers and Tyco (Millar, Delves Harris, 2010; Sendjaya et al, 2008), have concentrated efforts to uncovering aspects and conceptions of ethical leadership, contributing to rich, descriptive information on the field (Rubin et al, 2010). The present paper purposes to examine different conceptions of ethical leadership, including servant, spiritual and authentic theories, and to compare and contrast them with the transformational and charismatic theories with a view to bring into light how these conceptions could be employed to occasion important organizational outcomes. Ethical Leadership: Background Definition Although practitioners and scholars are of the opinion that ethics is the core of leadership (Xiayong, Fen Jiannong, 2011), and while the fundamental importance of leadership – particularly top management – in promoting and sustaining ethical conduct in organizations has long been understood (Brown Mitchell, 2010), it is only in the past decade that ethical leadership has been methodically studied from a descriptive and predictive social scientific perspective (Millar et al, 2010). Earlier studies as noted by Brown Mitchell (2010) looked into the effects of leadership behaviors without developing formalized theoretical conceptions. However, it was not until early 2000s when Trevià ±o and colleagues cited in Brown Mitchell (2010) engaged in the first formal explorations focused on developing an all-encompassing definition of what ethical leadership entails. Their qualitative studies, as demonstrated by these authors, revealed that ethical leaders were best depicted along two interrelated continuums: moral person and moral manager. Later, Brown et al (2005) cited in Xiaoyong et al (2011) further illuminated the conceptualization to develop a formal definition of ethical leadership as â€Å"†¦the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision making† (p. 362). Below, this paper narrows its focus to critically examine three variants of ethical leadership, namely: servant leadership, spiritual leadership, and authentic leadership.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical Leadership its Variations specif ically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Servant Leadership Definition Conceptions Robinson (2009) cited in Waterman (2011) suggests that the phrase ‘servant leadership’ in its contemporary perspective â€Å"†¦was developed by Robert Greenleaf (1977), but the idea can be traced to antiquity and is associated with a range of religious beliefs† (p. 24). Due to modernization of societies, however, the concept of service has evolved from just representing the religious connotation of ‘service to others’ to a leadership approach based on not only showing care and concern for other people (Waterman, 2011), but also demonstrating the desire to build and develop them personally and professionally (Taylor et al, 2007). Holistically, therefore, servant leadership entails â€Å"†¦helping others to accomplish shared objectives by facilitating individual development, empowerment, and collective work that is consistent with t he health and long-term welfare of followers† (Yukl, 2009, p. 420). From the systematic review of literature (e.g., Yukl, 2009; Taylor et al, 2007; Sendjaya et al, 2008), several conceptions of servant leadership have crystallized, namely: integrity; altruism; humility; empathy and healing; personal growth; fairness and justice, and; empowerment. Ebener O’Connell (2010) suggest that â€Å"†¦a servant leader begins by acting with integrity, creating supportive relationships, and helping others to grow† (p. 320). As demonstrated by Page Wong (2005), servant leadership is associated with such inner qualities as humility, integrity, fairness, altruism and a servant’s attitude, which are reinforced by the development of a highly moral and spiritual character. Effects of Servant Leadership Available literature demonstrates that organizations are increasingly searching for ethical and effective leadership that not only serve others, but invests in their de velopment and executes a shared vision (Sendjaya et al, 2008; Page Wong, 2005). According to Ebener O’Connell (2010), â€Å"†¦servant leaders encourage people to go above and beyond their own immediate interests by performing organizational citizenship behaviors [which] are defined as altruistic, prosocial activities that have been shown to enhance organizational performance† (p. 315).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Irving (2005) postulates that servant leadership behaviors are intrinsically correlated to the effectiveness of teams in the realization of shared objectives or goals. Extant research on leadership demonstrates that when team members acknowledge servant leadership, they are bound to appear as whole people and trustworthy professional co-leaders – fundamental ingredients in building effective teams (Ebener O’Connell, 2010). Greenleaf (1977) cited in Sendjaya et al (2008) was of the opinion that â€Å"†¦servant leadership is demonstrated whenever those served by servant leaders are positively transformed in multiple dimensions (e.g. emotionally, intellectually, socially, and spiritually) into servant leaders themselves† (p. 408). This transformation takes place collectively and repeatedly, and in turn, inspires positive changes in individuals, organizations and communities. Research on Servant Leadership Researchers and practitioners have reported a shift in the leadership paradigm for the 21st century (Taylor et al, 2007) from the traditional leadership approaches to an emerging leadership approach that appears more relevant and timely in the present context (Sendjaya et al, 2008). Greenleaf’s (1977) seminal work on servant leadership not only brought the construct to the public discourse in the mid 1970s (Irving, 2005), but also stimulated interest from other researchers who have continued to expand on the topic and to shed light on various conceptions that surround servant leadership (Yukl, 2009). According to Irving (2005), â€Å"†¦the work surrounding servant leadership from the early 1990s through 2003 focused on identifying themes that could help to operationalize the concept of servant leadership† (p. 2). To quote a few of these works, Graham (1991) cited in Irving (2005) stressed the inspirational and moral dimensions of servant leadership, while Buchen (1998) suggested that self-identity, capability for rec iprocity, relationship building, and obsession with the future were fundamental themes of servant leadership. Spears (1998) also cited in Irving (2005) â€Å"†¦emphasized the dimensions of listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment, and community building† (p. 2). Farling et al (1999) cited in Sendjaya et al (2008) argued for the importance of servant leaders to demonstrate vision, influence, service to others, integrity, and trust, while Laub (1999) cited in Irving (2005) put forward the concepts of valuing people, developing people, participating in building community, exhibiting authenticity, providing leadership, and sharing leadership as essential for servant leaders. Limitations of Servant Leadership It has been suggested that although the literature â€Å"†¦on servant leadership have increased in the past few years, there has still been limited research conducted in a systematic, quantitative man ner† (Taylor et al, 2007 p. 415). Indeed, the popular appeal of servant leadership as an evolving leadership approach has not translated into academic respectability, in large part due to the under-representation of the theory in major textbooks on management, leadership and organizational behavior. Due to the lack of a significant research base on servant leadership, Sendjaya et al (2008) postulate that the model is still been faced with vague psychometric properties, which are fundamentally important for further development and validation of the approach. It is also generally felt that many organizations that are perceived to practice servant leadership are hierarchical in nature and, consequently, the power distance between the servant leaders and their followers or other team members may not be conducive to the elements or themes of servant leadership discussed in this paper (Ebener O’Connell, 2010). Spiritual Leadership Definition Conceptions Fry (2003) argues th at â€Å"†¦the purpose of spiritual leadership is to create vision and value congruence across the strategic, empowered team, and individual levels and, ultimately, to foster higher levels of organizational commitment and productivity† (p. 693). Unlike classic organizational, administrative and leadership theories, spiritual leadership can be defined as encompassing the values, attitudes, and behaviors that are perceived as essential to fundamentally motivate people so that they are able to develop a sense of spiritual survival at work through calling and membership (Karadog, 2009). Extant research demonstrates that although the conceptions of spiritual leadership are many and varied (Carter, 2009), they revolve around the issues of spiritual beliefs (e.g., hope and faith in God); transcendence of self, manifesting in an active sense of calling or destiny; engagement in spiritual practices (e.g., praying, meditating, and reading scripture), and; conviction that an indivi dual’s activities have meaning and value beyond the immediate economic benefits or self-gratification (Ferguson Miliman, 2008). Consequently, this paper will utilize one construct proposed by Fry (2003) cited in Freeman (2011), which â€Å"†¦explains spirituality in leadership within an intrinsic motivation model that incorporates vision, altruistic love/faith; theories of workplace spirituality and spiritual survival; and the organizational outcomes of commitment and productivity† (p. 122). Research on Spiritual Leadership Fry Matherly (n.d.) are in agreement that â€Å"†¦issues regarding workplace spirituality have been receiving increased attention in the organizational sciences and the implications of workplace spirituality for leadership theory, research, and practice make this a fast growing area of new research and inquiry by scholars† (p. 3). Research has demonstrated that spiritual leadership not only lead to valuable personal results such a s enhanced positive human health and psychological happiness but that it also conveys improved employee satisfaction, loyalty and commitment while reducing instances of absenteeism and turnover (Carter, 2009). Indeed, Kaplan Norton (2004) cited in Fry Matherly (n.d.) argue that â€Å"†¦a high degree of workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership, as a driver of organizational commitment and productivity, is essential to optimizing organizational performance† (p. 3). Consequently, many research studies (e.g., Ferguson Miliman, 2008; Freeman, 2011; Fry Cohen, 2009; Fry Matherly, n.d.) conclude that spiritual leadership basically entails motivating and inspiring employees through a transcendent vision and a culture that is intrinsically grounded on altruistic values to produce a more inspired, satisfied, committed and productive workforce. Limitations of Spiritual Leadership Researchers have identified several major weaknesses that must be addressed for spiritual l eadership to gain acceptance within the scientific community as a newly emerging paradigm. Ferguson Miliman (2008) note that there exist a lack of accepted conceptual definition of what spirituality actually entails, while Fry Cohen (2008) note that there are inadequate measurement tools to evaluate the thematic conceptions of spirituality. Limited theoretical development and legal concerns have also been identified as genuine challenges for the development of a leadership paradigm that is rooted in spirituality (Fry Matherly, n.d.). Authentic Leadership Definition and Conceptions The term authenticity â€Å"†¦implies that one acts in accord with the true self, expressing oneself in ways that are consistent with inner thoughts and feelings† (Avolio Gardner, 2005, p. 320). The recognition of the self-referential nature of authenticity, therefore, is fundamental to comprehending the construct of authentic leadership. Avolio et al (2004) cited in Avolio Gardner (2005) describe authentic leaders as individuals who are profoundly conscious â€Å"†¦of how they think and behave and are perceived by others as being aware of their own and others’ values/moral perspectives, knowledge, and strengths; aware of the context in which they operate; and who are confident, hopeful, optimistic, resilient, and of high moral character† (p. 321). The related conception of authentic leadership is defined by academics as a process that draws from both positive psychological capabilities and a well matured organizational context, which results in both superior self-awareness and self-regulated positive behaviors and actions on the part of leaders and their followers (Avolio Garner, 2005), fostering positive modeling, self-development, and the attainment of sustainable and veritable performance (Rowe Guerrero, 2011; Blausten, 2009). Effects of Authentic Leadership The effects of authentic leadership are many and varied (Blausten, 2009), and include : development of positive psychological capital and positive moral perspective (Rowe Guerrero, 2011); development of leader and follower self-awareness in terms of values, cognitions, and emotions; development of leader and follower self-regulation in terms of internalized behavior, balanced processing, and authentic behavior (Avolio Gardner, 2005); development of leadership processes and behaviors such as positive modeling, personal and social identification, emotional contagion, self determination and positive social exchanges (Sendjaya et al, 2008); follower development, and; veritable and sustainable organizational performance (Rubin et al, 2010). It is also generally felt that authentic leadership institutes open, transparent, trusting and genuine relationships between the leaders and followers. Research on Authentic Leadership A number of scholars have undertaken research on authentic leadership. One of the pioneers of these studies was Bill George, who posited â€Å"†¦that being yourself; being the person you were created to be rather than developing an image or persona of a leader is the way to restore confidence in business organizations after Enron and Arthur Andersen† (Sparrowe, 2005, p. 420). When formulating their model of authentic leadership development, Luthans Avolio (2003) cited in Sparrowe (2005) argue that the kind of leadership that can reinstate confidence from the challenge of declining hope in organizational leaders and their associates is by engaging individuals who are true to themselves, and whose transparency and accountability in either public or private discourse positively transforms or develops the followers into leaders themselves. Limitations of Authentic Leadership While Walumbwa et al (2008) report that it is often difficult to measure some aspects of authentic leadership, Avolio Garner (2005) argue that more research is needed â€Å"†¦on the relationship between authentic leadership and the levels of s elf-awareness of leaders and followers† (p. 334). These authors also report a dearth in research relating to evaluating the direct consequence of the leader’s positive psychological capital on associates and their mediating outcomes on sustained organizational productivity and performance. Similarities Differences of Servant, Spiritual Authentic Approaches of Leadership Research into the three approaches of leadership has demonstrated some shared, common features of the approaches as well as broad differences. Among the similarities, Avolio Gardener (2005) argue that leaders in the three approaches must exhibit positive moral perspective and demonstrate self-awareness in terms of values, cognitions, and emotions. Similarly, all approaches advocate for self-determination, follower self-awareness and follower development (Sendjaya et al, 2008), not mentioning that they share a strong emphasis on the ethical dimension of leadership (Brown Mitchell, 2010). Sendjaya et a l (2008) argue that both the â€Å"†¦servant leadership and Fry’s (2003) spiritual leadership models appeal to virtuous leadership practices and intrinsic motivating factors to cultivate a sense of meaning, purpose, and interconnectedness in the workplace† (p. 404). These authors suggest that both leadership paradigms endeavor to facilitate a holistic, integrated workplace where people engage in significant, meaningful and intrinsically motivating work, and where leadership orientation finds its expression or meaning and purpose of life through service. Indeed, available literature demonstrates that the spiritual leadership’s conceptions of vision, altruistic love, and hope/faith (Fry Matherly, n.d.) are also embedded in the conceptions of servant leadership (Sendjaya et al, 2008; Freeman, 2011). Given the discussed similarities, it would be conceivable to assert that â€Å"†¦servant leadership is embedded in spiritual leadership in that servant lead ership is a manifestation of altruistic love in the action of pursuing transcendent vision and being driven to satisfy needs for calling and membership† (Sendjaya et al, 2008, p. 404). Conversely, it would be equally conceivable to argue that spiritual leadership is grounded on the motivational basis for servant leaders to engage followers in authentic and thoughtful ways that transform their behavioral orientation to be what they are competent of becoming (Freeman, 2011). Sendjaya et al (2008) posit that servant leaders have the capacity to lead authentically since their leadership originates from the ‘being’ as evidenced in their unswerving display of humility, integrity, accountability, security and vulnerability. It is important to note that the causal spiritual leadership model developed by Fry (2003) cited in Sendjaya et al (2008) â€Å"†¦identifies follower needs for spiritual survival as expressed through calling and membership as outcome variables, whereas calling and membership are inherent in servant leadership behaviors† (p. 405). Consequently, it can be argued that spirituality is one of the many facets of servant leadership, but there exist other equally fundamental facets such as self-sacrificial servant-hood behavior, empowerment, collective work, and moral values that are not evidently expressed in many spiritual leadership models (Sendjaya et al, 2008). It has been observed that a critical aspect of spiritual leadership is the need to be authentic, hence the relationship between spiritual leadership and authentic leadership. Spiritual leadership is also related to servant leadership in that it intrinsically focuses on â€Å"†¦serving others and emphasizing the development of people† (Ferguson Milliman, 2008, p. 448). Among the differences, Avolio Garner (2005) notes that internalized self regulation is demonstrated in both spiritual and authentic leadership, while authentic behavior is demonstrated in servant as well as authentic leadership, but not in spiritual leadership. Equally, it can be argued that spirituality is a significant source of motivation for servant leaders but is not highlighted in the authentic leadership model (Sendjaya et al, 2008). Personal and social identification on the part of the leader is present in authentic leadership but vaguely demonstrated in both servant and spiritual leadership. Equally, positive social exchange is clearly outlined as a conception of authentic leadership but not for spiritual and servant leadership (Avolio Gardner, 2005). The conception of follower self-awareness in terms of cognitions and emotions is clearly outlined in both authentic and spiritual leadership, but is not considered in the servant leadership. Lastly, it has been noted in the literature that the conception of relational transparency is carried with much weight in authentic leadership but not in the other two leadership approaches (Avolio Gardner, 2005) Comp aring the Approaches with Transformational Charismatic Theories Defining Transformational Leadership Burns (1978) cited in Sagnak (2010) defined transformational leadership as moral leadership, where â€Å"†¦leaders and followers further take each other’s motivation and morality to higher levels† (p. 1137). Bass (1985) also cited in Sagnak (2010) further advanced the transformational leadership approach to include the aspects of idealized influence (charisma) on the part of the leader, inspirational motivation, self-fulfillment, intellectual simulation, self-actualization, and personalized consideration. A transformational leader, according to Engelbrecht et al (2005), aims to fundamentally alter the values, beliefs and attitudes of followers. Defining Charismatic Leadership Weber (1947) cited in Fry (2003) defined charismatic leadership as any approach that demonstrates: strong desire to influence others; ability to act as a role model for the beliefs and values that followers need to adopt; ability to articulate ideological goals with moral overtones; ability to communicate high expectations and demonstrate confidence in followers’ abilities to meet and surpass these expectations; ability to arouse task-relevant motivation by tapping followers’ needs for esteem, power, and affiliation, and; ability to link the identity of followers (employees) to the collective identity of the organization. A Discussion of the Similarities Differences Leadership scholars have often asserted that servant leadership is somewhat similar to transformational leadership in that â€Å"†¦both approaches encourage leaders and followers to raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality† (Sendjaya et al, 2008, p. 403). However, these authors note that servant leaders are theoretically different from Bass’s (1985) transformational leaders in that not only are servant leaders more likely than transformational leaders to exhibit the natural inclination to serve disadvantaged and marginalized people, but the outcomes of enhanced motivation and commitment demonstrated by transformational leaders â€Å"†¦may not necessarily benefit followers as there is nothing in the transformational leadership model that says that leaders should serve followers for the good of followers† (p. 403). However, it should be noted that as is the case with servant leadership, the transformational leadership model outlined by Burns (1978) cited in Sendjaya et al (2008) required leaders to lead the followers for their own ultimate good. While the role of servant leaders may be seen in the light of serving followers; that of a transformational leader may be perceived in the light of encouraging followers to pursue organizational goals and objectives (Sendjaya et al, 2008). Another distinction closely related to this is that while transformational leadership deals primarily with ‘performance beyond expectatio ns’, servant leadership is fundamentally concerned with entrenching the followers’ holistic moral and ethical development (Taylor et al, 2005). Whetstone (2002) observes that whereas a transformational leader may be instrumental and manipulative in nature, a servant leader is bound to be manipulated by the followers. Taylor et al (2007) suggest that although servant leadership may be perceived as an extension of transformational leadership, it ends up valuing people and treating them as ends rather than means while many transformational theories treats people as means to achieve organizational objectives. However, the authors note that the followers’ emotional attachment to the leader in servant leadership, along with the motivational arousal of followers as an outcome of the leader’s behavior and actions, is fundamentally considered a consequence of transformational leadership. Carter (2009) argues that spiritual leadership shares some convergent element s with transformational leadership in that it is not only linked to social responsibility, integrity and stability, but it shapes the values, beliefs and practices of followers, and provides overall meaning to their own existence. Some central components of both spiritual and transformational leadership theories, according to Sagnak (2010), include the commitment of the manager to a higher cause or purpose and the articulation of meaningful values on a deeper level to organizational members. Additionally, Avolio Gardner (2005) posit that the conception of follower development is a focal component in servant, spiritual, and authentic leadership but is vaguely outlined in transformational and charismatic leadership models. As observed by Avolio Gardner (2005), transformational and authentic leadership are related in that authenticity serves as a moral compass by which the objectives and intentions of transformational leaders can be holistically determined. However, these authors not e that although authentic leadership can encompass all the other leadership approaches (e.g., transformational, charismatic, servant, and spiritual), it may not be charismatic to the extent demonstrated by transformational leadership as authentic leaders must work hard and lead with purpose, meaning and values to build lasting relationship with followers. To the contrary, Sagnak (2010) observes that transformational leaders â€Å"†¦may be charismatic in their opinion of the followers and thereby inspire them; they meet emotional needs of each employee and/or provide intellectual simulation† (p. 1137). This distinction demonstrates that being an authentic leader does not automatically imply that the leader is transformational. Brown Mitchell (2010) posit that â€Å"†¦transformational and charismatic leadership have been studied extensively and the cumulative findings suggest that [they] are positively associated with important ethics-related outcomes such as follow er’s perceptions of trust in fairness of their leader and organizational citizenship behaviors† (p. 586). This therefore implies that these leadership approaches projects similar elements with servant, spiritual and authentic leadership in terms of followers’ trust and organizational citizenship behaviors. Internalized self regulation and personal and social identification are focal components shared by authentic, spiritual, transformational, and charismatic leadership approaches, but are largely absent in servant leadership (Avolio Gardner, 2005). Conclusion This analysis contributes to our understanding of ethical leadership and its different variations, namely servant, spiritual and authentic leadership. The careful comparisons between these leadership theories and other conventional leadership models such as transformational and charismatic leadership give credence to the fact that leader emphasis on ethical dimensions of leadership generates beneficial pers onal and organizational outcomes. It has also been demonstrated that value-based leadership projected in servant, spiritual and authentic leadership is predicated on shared, robustly internalized values that are promoted and acted upon by the leader, but which goes a long way to ensure leadership effectiveness, positive organizational outcomes in terms of competencies development and productivity, and follower development (Fry, 2003). The task, therefore, is for the management of contemporary organizations to select a leadership approach that will articulate a better vision of a better future. Reference List Avolio, B.J., Gardner, W.L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 315-338. Blausten, P. (2009). Can authentic leadership survive the downturn? Business Strategy Review, 20(1), 84-87. Retrieved from Business Source Premier Database. Brown, M.E., Mitchell, M.S. (2010). 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